The density of a flightline jet fuel jp8 was measured with two vibratingtube. Jp8 or nato f34 jet a1 specification fuel containing military fuel additive package. A list of some common petrol density approximations is provided below. Additionally, the calculator provides users with the functionality to calculate the total weight of the fuel on hand. For jet fuels, we extended the curve upward using the original equation without entering the transition zone. Jet fuel and diesel fuel both share similarities in composition as well as many chemical properties. With a procalc membership, you get 1 year of access to 4 fuel injection jetting calculators that will enable you to virtually jet your mfi engine according to the local weather and elevation. While fuel jf1107 is type jet a, fuel jf1411 is type jet a1. Jet fuels and diesel fuel marine dfm are complex mixtures of hydrocarbons produced by distillation of crude oil.
In performance calculations, airliner manufacturers use a density of jet fuel around 6. Volume correction factors can be used to calculate the volume of a jet fuel at base temperature 15c59f if you know the density and volume at another temperature. Jet fuel is very similar to diesel fuel, and in some cases, may be burned in diesel engines. Volume correction factorsjet a, jeta1, jet kerosene, turbine fuel. Use this petrol conversion tool to convert between different units of weight and volume. Correlations for jet fuel density and temperature are found by use of tools based on astm d 125004 and ip 20004 api manual of petroleum measurement standards, chapter 11 physical properties data, section 1. Considering that kerosene is made up of the hydrocarbon series from nonane through to hexadecane, with thousands of isomers, variations in density are likely from refinery to refinery. Density ranging from 37 to 51 c api corrected to 15 c or. The calculation of density is quite straightforward. Jan 25, 2016 jet fuel vs diesel vs gasoline how they burn and what color are they. Use our api gravity to density to convert to specific gravity. Density, speed of sound, and adiabatic compressibility of jp8 3773 measured in the density and sound speed analyzera jp8 3773 temperature, t k density, f.
Physical and chemical properties of military fuels. Some fuel gauging systems give readings proportional to the table 1. The density of a fluid defines mass per unit volume, denoted in milliliters or cubic meters. Diesel gas is heavier than jet fuel, with a higher number of slightly larger hydrocarbon chains, though both are primarily paraffin oils kerosene. The international air transport association iata guideline. The hydrocarbons in jet and diesel fuels are less volatile than those in. Density is an important fuel property directly related to aircraft range. The density of a jet fuel at 15 c is necessary for its certification. This is what moves the plane forward, causing air to move along the aerodynamic body and wings to create lift. Different temperatures sometimes mean different densities for some liquids. Jeta density vs temperature petroleum engineering general.
This enables you to get the most power out of your mechanical fuel injection engine in a repeatable manner. Jet a fuel density variation with temperature gulfstream g450 48 8. A jet engine is an extremely powerful machine that can turn energyrich jet fuel into a powerful force which is known as thrust. The density of a material, typically denoted using the greek symbol. The density also varies with temperature of the fuel. Figuring out the density of a liquid allows you to find out more about it. There are many different ways to express density, and not using or converting into the. Density of jet fuel as function of temperature engineering toolbox. I need to know the conversion equation to convert jet fuel. Specification d1655 is directed at civil applications, and maintained as such, but may be adopted for military, government or other specialized uses.
Viscosity of aviation fuel and jet fuel viscosity table. With price fluctuations causing fuel costs to vary wildly by type, many are led to ponder alternative ways to power their diesel and jet engines. No matter how well you have set up your fuel injection, changing weather and environment can make your car run poorly. You will also need to know the diameter of the hole of your jet. Some of these are directly related to the aviation community and some are of indirect interest. Dec 18, 2016 jet a1 density conversion to 15 c from observed temperature without astm tables globally oil industry quality manuals specify certain tolerance density variation for petroleum products like gasoline, diesel fuels, aviation fuels etc, between density of dispatched products and density of received product. Volume correction factors can be used to calculate the volume of a jet fuel at base temperature 15c59f if you know the density and volume at another.
Comparison of jet fuels by measurements of density and. The possibility of environmental legislation banning the use of leaded avgas, and the lack of a replacement fuel with similar performance, has left aircraft designers and pilots organizations searching for alternative engines for use in small aircraft. Volume correction factors to 15 c for use with all grades of jet a, jet a1, jet kerosene, turbine fuel. One of the basic properties required from aviation fuel is of course, energy density. Diesel fuel volume to weight at different temperatures.
Volume correction factors can be used to calculate the volume of a product at base temperature 15c59f if you know the density and volume at another temperature. Guidance information for these other applications is. Although these fuels differ in things such as volatility and freezing points, their energy density, or heat content, is just about the same. For jet a to be eligible for sale, select characteristics of the fuel, such as composition in terms of acidity and aromatic and sulfur content, volatility, and. The specific gravity, also known as the relative density of jet fuel is 0. A jumbo jet carrying 450 passengers, would work out at. Oct 28, 2005 density of fuel is the mass of fuel per unit volume. Please enter a density figure, select a unit to convert from and to, enter a conversion value and click the. Jet a1 is therefore not a fixed density either but within an allowable range. In summer jet a1 is a 5050 mix of these two liquids and in winter the naphtha proportion is increased by about 5% to allow for the lower temperatures encountered. Use our api gravity at 60f temperature correction calculator online. However, it is important to pay special attention to the units used for density calculations. If you have the fuel oil density given in api, use the apitogravity converter. Procalc uses engineering principles such as air fuel ratio in order to calculate the best jetting for your current environment.
Low carbon fuel standard california air resources board. Api gravity and density calculators gammon technical products. The weights are accepted averages based on specific gravity and other variables, such as temperature and additives due to climate. As long as this density difference remains less than permitted variation, the product is. Gtp api gravity calculator app with the gammon api gravity calculator, users can determine corrected api at 60 degrees f for jet a, gasoline, and diesel fuels. Jet a1 fuel is the most common type of jet fuel sold and used for civilian and commercial purposes. You will have to know what the air density is for your current jetting that is correct for your tune. Note advanced options you can just go with the default settings here as all motorcycles are factory set to run at sea level. Each colored line represents a jet fuel with a given density at a. Impressive api gravity temperature correction calculator. Therefore, the cost of the fuel required to fly from london to new york is approximately.
Aviation converters and calculators below is a list of aviation based calculators, conversion charts and converter programs available for use. Jet a1 density conversion to 15 c from observed temperature without astm tables globally oil industry quality manuals specify certain tolerance density variation for petroleum products like gasoline, diesel fuels, aviation fuels etc, between density of dispatched products and density of received product. Convert density at 20 deg c to density at 15 deg c. Volume correction factors to 15 c for use with all grades of jet a, jeta1, jet kerosene, turbine fuel.
In the case of fuel, knowing the density gives you the ability to find out its calorific values. You also get weather updated much more frequently in the tracks list. Volume correction factorsjet a, jeta1, jet kerosene. This app is written by a pilot to allow pilots and refuelersservicer to quickly and accurately convert jet a or 100ll fuel from us gallons gals, pounds lbs, liters ltrs, or kilograms kgs and display the amount of fuel to add in us gallons, pounds, liters, and kilograms. For jet fuels, we extended the curve upward using the original equation without entering the transition. The low carbon fuel standard is designed to decrease the carbon intensity of californias transportation fuel pool and provide an increasing range of lowcarbon and renewable alternatives, which reduce petroleum dependency and achieve air quality benefits. In some cases the density is expressed as a specific gravity or relative density, in which case it is expressed in multiples of the density of some other standard material, usually water or air. To convert an api gravity reading to 60f, we usually use astm table 5b. Jet fuel characteristicsjet fuel characteristics density, specific gravitydensity, specific gravity density massvolume specific gravity sg also known as relative density typical jet a, jet a1. The actual composition of any given fuel varies depending upon source of the crude oil, refinery processes, and product specifications. Comparison of jet fuels by measurements of density and speed.
Jet a fuel is used exclusively in the united states with jet a1 being the primary fuel outside the united states. Avgas 100 or 100ll weight is calculated at 6 pounds per gallon. Trip fuel consumption calculator, avgas jet a science. Yes, but recognize you are using a typical value of density. Automatically and instantly get a near perfect result for the correct main and pilot jets based on your bike modifications, aftermarket exhausts, pod filters, altitude, ambient temperature etc. This jet size calculator will give you the size of the jet you need for a different weather condition. Volume to weight, weight to volume and cost conversions for diesel fuel with temperature in the range of 10c 50f to 140c 284f v w. Jet fuel of types a and a1 is composed of mostly kerosene, and jet b is a napthakerosene mix. Therefore typically viscosity of jet a is higher and jet a also shows a steeper increase of viscosity with decreasing temperatures. Density range from 770 to 784 kgm rotate the disk until the observed hydrometer and temperature readings are aligned.
Rotate the disk until the observed hydrometer and temperature readings are aligned. Comparison of jet fuels by measurements of density and speed of. Is there a useable formula to correlate temperature to fuel density particularly jet a. Within refined, you need to know whether it is gasoline, transitional, jet fuel, or diesel as different temperature coefficient formulas are used, as a function of density. Astm d1655 specification, jet a1 fuel has a density of between 775. I am aware of the coefficient of thermal expansion value of 999 x 10e6 ie. Temperature and pressure volume correction factors for generalised crude oils, refined products and lubricating oils. See also similar correlations for lubricating oil, crude oil and jet fuel.
Correlations for fuel oils density and temperature are calculated by use of tools based on astm d 125004 and ip 20004 api manual of petroleum measurement standards, chapter 11 physical properties data, section 1. We present here an analytical approach for the determination of the density of jet fuels based on the chemical composition of the fuel determined via comprehensive twodimensional gas chromatography with flame ionization detector gc. They contain hundreds of hydrocarbons as well as many additives. This calculator is used to calculate the post trip fuel remaining for avgas and jet a. Please note that this type of conversion requires a substance density figure. Jet a1 type fuel, in terms of imperial weights and measures, measures 0. These are three separate samples of jet a, designated 3602, 3638, and 4658.
See also similar correlations for fuel oil, crude oil and lubricating oil. This is when the temperature is approximately 60 degrees fahrenheit. The left and right margins of the table are annotated with. Api gravity calculator crude oil api gravity chart. For avgas, we extended the gasoline curve downward. Energy density of aviation fuel the physics factbook. The mass distribution calculator only calculates the partitioning between between water, air, fuel and solids in the subsurface. So if we take your figure of 320,000 litres its a bit unclear quite how much of that is actually usable for flight, but thats a subject for another question, thats about 560,000lbs of fuel or around 254,000kgs. If you have the jet fuel density given in api, use the apitogravity converter. The fuels differ in their freeze point specifications 40 c for jet a and 47 c for jet a1. Jet a1 density conversion to 15 c from observed temperature.
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